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Sidang International Telecommunications Union / World Congress on International Telecommunications  (ITU/WCIT) tanggal 3-14 Desember 2012 di Dubai sudah usai. Sejumlah negara pro-kontra terhadap hasil sidang tersebut. Maklumlah, karena jauh hari sudah tercium aroma tak sedap dari beberapa negara yang ingin mendapatkan legitimasi dari internasional agar pemerintahnya dapat mengontrol internet lebih ketat. Hasil sidang ITU, berupa International Telecommunication Regulations (ITRs) memang dapat menjadi legitimasi yang kuat bagi suatu negara untuk menentukan corak dan arah tata-kelola telekomunikasinya masing-masing. Dan sejumlah negara yang sangat represif tata-kelola Internetnya, seperti Rusia dan China, mendesakkan usulannya agar ITU turut mengatur “konten” yang berjalan di atas infrastruktur telekomunikasi tersebut, yaitu Internet!

Bagaimana sikap Indonesia? Dalam rilis resmi Kemkominfo terkait dengan sidang ITU/WCIT tersebut, telah dinyatakan bahwa:

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Lagi-lagi ada berita seorang anak perempuan diculik “temannya” hasil berkenalan via Facebook. Anak perempuan tersebut kemudian harus mengalami kekerasan seksual dan dikeluarkan dari sekolah (baca artikel ini dan artikel ini). Saya sempat merenung, apakah program Internet Sehat yang dijalankan selama ini oleh teman2 ICT Watch bersama komunitas sejak 2002 silam, yang kemudian diadopsi oleh Kemkominfo sebagai Internet Sehat dan Aman, sekedar jalan di tempat?

Padahal sejak 1999 saya sudah mencoba mengingatkan adanya potensi resiko serupa (baca artikel ini dan artikel ini). Bahkan Komnas Perlindungan Anak pada awal 2010 juga mencatat hal yang sama (baca artikel ini). Setelah saya coba renungkan, rupanya ada satu kealpaan mendasar ketika kita bicara tentang “Internet Safety for Family” selama ini. Apakah itu?

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Indonesia, with population around 240 million people, now has 55 million Internet users, not including 33 million Internet mobile users who use a smartphone, tablet or modem dongle. There are at least 100 million active mobile numbers used for broadband/ 3G data access. For social media, Indonesia has 29.4 million users of Twitter. This figure puts Indonesia as the most active twitter country in the world, and Jakarta is the most active twitter city in the world. Indonesia also has 40.6 million Facebook users and about 3.3 million bloggers, with 33 local blogger communities. In terms of Internet infrastructure, Indonesia has 150 Internet Service Provider (ISP), 35 Network Access Provider (NAP), and 5 broadband 3G operator. To interconnect the data traffic within ISPs in Indonesia, there are about 10 nodes of Indonesian Internet eXchange (IIX) managed APJII (Indonesian ISP Association, APJII.or.id).

The entire ISP and mobile operators in Indonesia are now subject to the Ministry of Communications and ICT requests to block pornographic, gambling, copyright infringement and hates speech content. But there is no official reference and guidance from the government on how to block. So that the ISPs and 3G operators using its own system and database to perform the blocking. They feel compelled to follow the orders because getting threat of sanctions in the form of revocation of their license.

Blackberry / RIM was one of the example how the business sector forced to censor their content in Indonesia. RIM use Nawala Foundation (Nawala.org) blocking services to do filtering. Nawala is an organization that provides content blocking mechanism using DNS filtering or Open DNS. Founded in 2007, Nawala originally intended to serve only members of Indonesian Internet Kiosk Association (AWARI.or.id) and whoever those want to filter their Internet access, voluntarily. (Info: http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/indonesian-government-hails-blackberry-porn-filters/418185)

Just last week, APJII announced a partnership with Nawala. APJII provides 5 servers and operating costs for the purposes of blocking content. According to APJII, partnering with Nawala is one of the best efforts to protect the beginner Internet users and children from negative content such as pornography, gambling content and hate speech. Those 5 servers is planned to be planted in the nodes of IIX, we called Nawala-IIX. Database of the blacklisted sites will be managed jointly with APJII and Nawala. Until now, there’s no intention from APJII nor Nawala to invite and involve other parties outside of them, in determining once a site can get blacklisted or not. According to APJII, Nawala-IIX is not obligatory for its members. The system is only an option for the members that want to block the content delivered to their subscriber. For Nawala, the plantation of their blocking server system in the IIX network managed by APJII is something expected since in the prior time. (Info in Bahasa: http://www.antaranews.com/berita/326227/filter-konten-negatif-apjii-tanamkan-dns-nawala)

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Sebelum kita bicara tentang hubungan antara Internet dengan HAM, ada baiknya kita pahami dahulu apa sebenarnya Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) itu? “Hak asasi manusia merupakan hak dasar yang secara kodrati melekat pada diri manusia, bersifat universal dan langgeng, (yang) oleh karena itu harus dilindungi, dihormati, dipertahankan, dan tidak boleh diabaikan, dikurangi, atau dirampas oleh siapapun”, demikian kutipan dari bagian awal Undang-Undang (UU) RI Nomor 39 tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Adanya UU tersebut adalah sebagai tindak lanjut Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (Tap MPR) Nomor  VII/MPR/1998 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.

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this is my brief note when I gave update about “internet freedom in asia-pacific, on morning plannery panel session of “international media conference”, seoul – korea, 23 june 2012. if you find any mistakes (but not for the grammar, hehehehe….) to correct or want to give related updates, please contact me directly via email dbu[at]donnybu.com. thank you….

-dbu-

—– start note —–

Indonesia is an archipelago with 17 thousand islands and 240 million people of the population. It is nearly 5 times of the total population of South Korea. the growing of the Internet and social media user in Indonesia is quite high. Now we have more than 55 million conventional Internet user, 33 million mobile Internet user (with 100 million 3G numbers), 19.5 million twitter account (in the term of the number of the tweets, we occupies 11% of the world total tweets, or number 3.
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